In a study published in Scientific Reports, UW psychologists Ione Fine and Geoffrey Boynton explain that the brain’s vision system relies on complex neuron interactions that don’t translate into a simple pixel-by-pixel picture.

“Engineers often think of electrodes as producing pixels, but that’s not how biology works,” Fine said.

Neuralink has been developing brain implants to help quadriplegic patients control tools with their minds.

One patient, Noland Arbaugh, received an implant in January and reported being “very happy” despite some performance issues. Musk hopes to expand the number of implant recipients this year, pending regulatory approval.

Musk’s next goal is to provide artificial vision through a system called Blindsight. Early tests in monkeys have shown some promise, but human trials are still a way off.

Musk admitted the initial resolution would be low, like “Atari graphics,” but claimed it could eventually surpass normal vision.

Fine and Boynton’s simulations suggest that even with tens of thousands of electrodes, the images produced wouldn’t match the detail of natural vision. Fine noted the immense challenge of replicating the brain’s visual processing, as each neuron has its unique code.

The study highlights the complexity of creating effective artificial vision and cautions against overhyping the technology.

Fine emphasised the need for realistic expectations, especially for those who become blind later in life and may be desperate for a solution.

The research, funded by the National Institutes of Health, underscores the importance of understanding the limitations and potential of brain-implant technology.